Practitioners in this field are referred to by several names, including otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, ENT doctors, ENT surgeons, or head and neck surgeons. Each of these titles reflects the breadth and depth of knowledge required to treat the diverse conditions that can impact the ear, nose, throat, and the related head and neck structures.

Patients typically seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for an array of diseases or disorders that affect the ear, nose, and throat region, as well as the base of the skull. These can range from common conditions such as chronic ear infections, sinusitis, and tonsillitis, to more complex problems such as balance and hearing disorders, swallowing and voice issues, and sleep apnea. Otorhinolaryngologists are also adept at managing congenital disorders of the ear, nose, and throat that are present from birth.

In addition, otorhinolaryngologists are skilled in the surgical management of both malignant and benign tumours of the head and neck, playing a crucial role in the multidisciplinary approach to cancer care. Their expertise extends to the surgical treatment of cancers affecting the oral cavity, throat, larynx, nasal cavity, salivary glands, and neck lymph nodes. Moreover, they often manage complex reconstructive surgical procedures post-cancer treatment.

Beyond their clinical responsibilities, otorhinolaryngologists are also often involved in groundbreaking research, looking for innovative treatments and advancements in the field. They may conduct clinical trials, pioneer novel surgical techniques, and contribute to the scientific literature surrounding diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, and related structures.

Their roles in education are also significant, as they help to train the next generation of otorhinolaryngologists. Their instruction aids in the development of young professionals who will continue to enhance patient care within the field.